The BUTCH & harold website is a traditional HTML website. It’s nicely designed but unlike the blogs I’ve been working on recently, there are no templates or includes for global page elements. There are just a lot of HTML files. I didn’t build this site, but the Web designer/programmer who originally constructed it did a good job writing clean, modern code, making It easy to add content and make minor layout changes within the existing architecture. However, s/he did use some tricks with the navigation menu that gave me headaches trying to implement the drop-menu without rewriting the entire thing—and make it work in all browsers.

The remainder of this post is more technical. Skip it unless you’re really interested in how page navigation works. Or just visit the site and check out how I built the Stickr (frame) and Stickr (mini) pages. You’ll see (hopefully) some fun javascript in action.

Navigation menus have evolved since the early days of the Web. At first, websites were only able to feature a list of links; either vertically, as a list, or horizontally in a table. A link changed color when the mouse pointer hovered over it but all links on the page had the same color behavior. Designers wanting more choice than the common available fonts (e.g: Times, Helvetica and Courier) replaced the text with small images using designer fonts. However, unlike linked text, a linked image provides no visual feedback when you hover over it other than the mouse pointer changing from an arrow to a hand.

When Javascript came along in the mid-nineties, it provided a means to capture a limited number of page “events” and take action when they occured. These events have descriptive names, such as: onMouseOver, onMouseOut and onClick, and one of the actions availabe on the occurrence of such an event is changing the source of an image. Thus, instead on a single image used as a button, with Javascript, the button could have both “on” and “off” image that were swapped when you moved the mouse on and off of the link. This provided the interactivity designers wanted, but it came at a price. There was often a noticeable delay the first time a link switched between its off and on images as the browser waited for the alternate image to download from the server. Techniques were developed to “pre-load” the alternate images, which helped somewhat (as did faster Internet connections) but pre-loading images just moves the delay from the individual buttons to the initial page load.

Plus, there was the additional cost of complexity—If you had ten navigation links, that meant having 20 images to manage. Changing image-based navigation links involved expensive software tools, such as: Photoshop, Illustrator, DreamWeaver and ImageReady, and took much more time. This limited the ability of the client to explore and develop their online concepts from the bottom up as they learned the technology of Web publishing. It robbed them of the freedom to play with ideas.

But, Wait! It’s even worse than that. There are two other problems related to the 21st Century Web (aka: Web 2.0.) First, robots can’t read images. That is, the specialized automated tools that Google, Yahoo, and others use to visit, catalog and rank sites can’t interpret the content inside an image. From the robots perspective, a lot of information about the structure and flow of a Web site is invisible when you use graphic images for navigation links. Now let’s face it, Google has become indispensable to the way we use the Internet to market our products and services and you’re at a competitive disadvantage if your site isn’t robot-friendly.

The second problem with graphical navigational elements has to do with complexity again. You’ve heard it said that “Content is king.” What this means is that a static site, where the content hardly changes over time loses out to sites where fresh content is dynamically generated tailored to the customer’s needs. Publishing content on a regular schedule requires good content management systems. It’s also a lot easier if the overall structure of the site and its component HTML elements are as simple as possible.

Thus, there’s been a return to the use of text as navigation items and, indeed, a movement away from specifying layout constructs and style choices in the HTML, and toward using cascading style sheets (CSS) for these purposes. Google is a good example of this. Fortunately, the CSS recognized by today’s browsers is much more powerful and the designer has many more options to add interactivity than s/he did in the last century. For example, you are all familiar with simple, unordered lists, the kind with bullets. With CSS, you can eliminate the bullets and float the list items so that they appear in a horizontal line instead of using a table for the items. Also, nested lists are easier to manage than nested tables. And, instead of capturing a mouseOver event with Javascript, you can preset the hover state of any element and change text and background colors, even background images with the CSS without the pre-load problems.

This brings us back to BUTCH & harold where the original designer tried to have it both ways with the navigation menu—using text lables for the robots to read and pretty images with mouseOver effects for humans. It’s all done in the CSS. The navigation menu is an unordered list displayed horizontally with a unique on and off background images assigned to each list item. The images have a nice font (Bliss) for the labels and the “on” or hover states have the B&H logo above them. To keep the actual text out of sight for humans but still readable by robots, the designer set the text indentation in the CSS to -5000 pixels. The robots don’t care; they don’t bother reading a website’s CSS, but for humans, this moves the text off the left side of the monitor to somewhere in the next room.

Michelle and Ariane didn’t want the clutter or expense of new graphics for the drop-menu items; they’d be satisfied with text in the same color as the labels and a close match to the font. Making the drop-menu items appear in the right place meant setting the text-indent for the nested list to +5000 pixels to counteract the original setting that made the top level invisible. This worked well for Firefox and IE7 but not for Safari and, try as I might, I could not get the positioning right for all three.

I threw out the text-indentation hack and used the visibility property to hide the text labels from humans. This fixed the positioning problem with Safari, but made the entire “Shop” menu and the drop-menu invisible in IE6. IE6 is significantly different in that only recognizes a hover state for links whereas other browsers recognize a hover state for any HTML element. I did my research and found a solution using Javascript to capture a onMouseOver event on the top level list item (the Shop button) to dynamically change the CSS class of the nested drop-menu.

Wow, I make it sound simple but it was anything but. It took a lot of trial and error and I ended up rewriting almost all of the CSS to eliminate conflicts between the list styles used for the menus and the list styles used everywhere else.

In conclusion, I notice that about 1/5 of you are still using IE6 to browse the Web.* Please Stop! Make my life easier and your computing more secure and enjoyable. Upgrade to IE7 or download Firefox, Safari, Opera or one of the two new browsers: Flock or Chrome.

Suzearts is the online showcase for my best friend, Susan Thornton, who creates wonderful images from the land and sky scapes of New Mexico and Fire Island. We put this simple site together in an afternoon several years ago for the New York Licensing show. Today, you can do a lot more to showcase art and music by using services such as flickr and photobucket, to organize and tag your art, and social media services like Facebook and Twitter to promote your work across a web of networks, groups and friends.

Mick Kolodgy Fine Art

is an online gallery of his paintings. I developed the horizontal gallery design with rollover menus at both ends and tied it all together with a compact image caching and navigation scheme written in Javascript. This was fun to build but I can’t advise artists that having your own showcase site is the best way to leverage the Web anymore. There are many web services companies that want and need your content; provide a wide range of options for organizing, displaying and selling it; can boost your search engine juices and connect you to networks, groups and forums of people interested in what you do.

A lot of new features have been added to SmartMC including automatic alert messages with pop-up graphs that show how the the metics associated with one claim compare to other claims for the same patient, provider and insurance plan. The Edit interface has also been upgraded with AJAX driven drop-menus and auto-suggestion input fields.